How to Cite Data

TDR takes great care to provide complete citations for all sources used in compiling our data so that our clients may in turn cite these sources appropriately. All TDR databases cite surveys published by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in Hyattsville, Maryland. In addition, the Incidence and Prevalence Database (IPD) provides Article Reviews based primarily on publications from the peer-reviewed medical literature.

For details on citing NCHS databases, consult " Citing NCHS Publications" at the NCHS website.

• EXAMPLE: Suggested citation for the 2007 National Hospital Discharge Survey:

  National Center for Health Statistics. National Hospital Discharge Survey, 2007. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. 2007.

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How to cite Incidence and Prevalence Database (IPD)

The following list shows the source material cited in each TDR database. Consult the TDR database for the date of the most recent survey data used.

• Article Reviews:

  Full article citation appears at the beginning of each Article Review.
  

• Global Incidence and Prevalence:

  Abbreviated article citation appears at the end of each paragraph (consult Article Review for full citation).

• Census Data:

  U.S. Bureau of the Census
  

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How to cite U.S. Trend Data

• Hospital Inpatients:

  National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)

• Physician Office Visits:

  National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)

• Emergency Department Visits:

  National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)

• Hospital Outpatients:

  National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)

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How to cite the Trend Databases

• Hospital Inpatient Profiles (HIP):

  National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)

• Emergency Room Database (ER):

  National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHAMCS)

• Hospital Outpatient Profiles (HOP):

  National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)

• Physician Office Profiles (POP):

  National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)